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The function point is a "unit of measurement" to express the amount of business functionality an information system (as a product) provides to a user. Function points are used to compute a functional size measurement (FSM) of software. The cost (in dollars or hours) of a single unit is calculated from past projects. [1]
The estimation approaches based on functionality-based size measures, e.g., function points, is also based on research conducted in the 1970s and 1980s, but are re-calibrated with modified size measures and different counting approaches, such as the use case points [11] or object points and COSMIC Function Points in the 1990s.
The size of the software derived by quantifying the non-functional portion of an application can be measured by using the procedure in the APM. Similar to function points, by using the IFPUG APM, a SNAP point counting specialist can examine the software application and measure the size of its non-functionality in units of SNAP points.
The relationship between the size of software and the effort required to produce it is called productivity. For example, if a software engineer has built a small web-based calculator application, we can say that the project effort was 280 man-hours. However, this does not give any information about the size of the software product itself ...
Cost estimation in software engineering is typically concerned with the financial spend on the effort to develop and test the software, this can also include requirements review, maintenance, training, managing and buying extra equipment, servers and software. Many methods have been developed for estimating software costs for a given project.
Application lifecycle management (ALM) is the product lifecycle management (governance, development, and maintenance) of computer programs. It encompasses requirements management, software architecture, computer programming, software testing, software maintenance, change management, continuous integration, project management, and release ...
In the early 1970s, companies began to separate out software maintenance with its own team of engineers to free up software development teams from support tasks. [1] In 1972, R. G. Canning published "The Maintenance 'Iceberg '", in which he contended that software maintenance was an extension of software development with an additional input: the existing system. [1]
The study examined projects ranging in size from 2,000 to 100,000 lines of code, and programming languages ranging from assembly to PL/I. These projects were based on the waterfall model of software development which was the prevalent software development process in 1981. References to this model typically call it COCOMO 81.