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Firedamp is any flammable gas found in coal mines, typically coalbed methane. [1] It is particularly found in areas where the coal is bituminous . The gas accumulates in pockets in the coal and adjacent strata and when they are penetrated the release can trigger explosions.
The term is etymologically and practically related to other terms for underground mine gases—such as firedamp, white damp, and black damp, with afterdamp being composed, rather, primarily by carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen, with highly toxic stinkdamp-constituent hydrogen sulfide possibly also present.
A firedamp whistle (German: Schlagwetterpfeife) is an instrument for the prophylactic indication of firedamp — flammable gases often present in coal mines. History [ edit ]
It was used to produce town gas or coke, raise steam in industrial boilers or locomotives, to fuel power stations or for domestic heating. Blackdamp. Blackdamp is the name given to a mixture of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. [1] Blower. A blower was a source of firedamp issuing into the mine from a fissure in the coal. [6]
Mining accidents can occur from a variety of causes, including leaks of poisonous gases such as hydrogen sulfide [2] or explosive natural gases, especially firedamp or methane, [3] dust explosions, collapsing of mine stopes, mining-induced seismicity, flooding, or general mechanical errors from improperly used or malfunctioning mining equipment (such as safety lamps or electrical equipment).
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In active mining operations, the threat from blackdamp is addressed with proper mineshaft ventilation as well as various detection methods, typically using miners' safety lamps or hand-held electronic gas detectors. The safety lamp is merely a specially designed lantern with a flame that is designed to automatically extinguish itself when ...
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