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Dehydrohalogenation to give an alkene In chemistry , dehydrohalogenation is an elimination reaction which removes a hydrogen halide from a substrate . The reaction is usually associated with the synthesis of alkenes , but it has wider applications.
In enzymology, a haloalkane dehalogenase (EC 3.8.1.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. 1-haloalkane + H 2 O a primary alcohol + halide. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 1-haloalkane and H 2 O, whereas its two products are primary alcohol and halide.
Substrate inhibition in bioreactors occurs when the concentration of substrate (such as glucose, salts, or phenols [1]) exceeds the optimal parameters and reduces the growth rate of the cells within the bioreactor. This is often confused with substrate limitation, which describes environments in which cell growth is limited due to of low substrate.
Scheme for dehalogenation reaction (R = alkyl or aryl group, X = I, Cl, Br, F) In organic chemistry, dehalogenation is a set of chemical reactions that involve the cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds; as such, it is the inverse reaction of halogenation.
In competitive inhibition the substrate and inhibitor cannot bind to the enzyme at the same time. [17]: 134 This usually results from the inhibitor having an affinity for the active site of an enzyme where the substrate also binds; the substrate and inhibitor compete for access to the enzyme's active site.
The Heck reaction (also called the Mizoroki–Heck reaction) [1] is the chemical reaction of an unsaturated halide (or triflate) with an alkene in the presence of a base and a palladium catalyst to form a substituted alkene.
1576 n/a Ensembl ENSG00000160868 n/a UniProt P08684 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001202855 NM_001202856 NM_001202857 NM_017460 n/a RefSeq (protein) NP_001189784 NP_059488 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 99.76 – 99.78 Mb n/a PubMed search n/a Wikidata View/Edit Human Cytochrome P450 3A4 (abbreviated CYP3A4) (EC 1.14.13.97) is an important enzyme in the body, mainly found in the liver and in the intestine ...
E. J. Corey et al. then examined several features of the reaction: stereochemistry, hydrogen isotope effect, initiation, inhibition, catalysis, intermediates and selectivity of hydrogen transfer. [14] The results, presented below, conclusively supported Wawzonek and Thelan's hypothesis.