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Pseudoscience can have dangerous effects. For example, pseudoscientific anti-vaccine activism and promotion of homeopathic remedies as alternative disease treatments can result in people forgoing important medical treatments with demonstrable health benefits, leading to ill-health and deaths.
Reiki is a pseudoscience, [331] and is used as an illustrative example of pseudoscience in scholarly texts and academic journal articles. It is based on qi ("chi"), which practitioners say is a universal life force , although there is no empirical evidence that such a life force exists.
Antiscience is a set of attitudes and a form of anti-intellectualism that involves a rejection of science and the scientific method. [1] People holding antiscientific views do not accept science as an objective method that can generate universal knowledge.
Out of Asia theory of human origin – The majority view is of a recent African origin of modern humans, although a multiregional origin of modern humans hypothesis has much support (which incorporates past evidence of Asian origins). Scientific racism – the theory that humanity consists of physically discrete superior or inferior races.
Results published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) in 2011 were retracted by the Journal in 2016. [88] In 2016 Jamal received a lifetime funding ban from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research [89] [90] and in 2018 her license to practice medicine was revoked by the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario. [91]
Fringe science theories are often advanced by people who have no traditional academic science background, or by researchers outside the mainstream discipline. [ 2 ] : 58 [ 3 ] The general public has difficulty distinguishing between science and its imitators, [ 2 ] : 173 and in some cases, a "yearning to believe or a generalized suspicion of ...
This is a list of organizations opposing mainstream science by frequently challenging the facts and conclusions recognized by the mainstream scientific community. By claiming to employ the scientific method in order to advance certain fringe ideas and theories, they are often charged with promotion of various forms of pseudoscience.
A reconstruction of the skull purportedly belonging to the Piltdown Man, a long-lasting case of scientific misconduct. Scientific misconduct is the violation of the standard codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behavior in the publication of professional scientific research.