Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
A viral infection does not always cause disease. A viral infection simply involves viral replication in the host, but disease is the damage caused by viral multiplication. [5] An individual who has a viral infection but does not display disease symptoms is known as a carrier. [17] Mechanisms by which viruses cause damage and disease to host cells
In developing countries, viruses that cause respiratory and enteric infections are common throughout the year. Viruses carried by insects are a common cause of diseases in these settings. Zika and dengue viruses for example are transmitted by female Aedes mosquitoes, which bite humans particularly during the mosquitoes' breeding season. [60]
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to concepts related to infectious diseases in humans.. Infection – transmission, entry/invasion after evading/overcoming defense, establishment, and replication of disease-causing microscopic organisms (pathogens) inside a host organism, and the reaction of host tissues to them and to the toxins they produce.
Some viruses cause no apparent changes to the infected cell. Cells in which the virus is latent and inactive show few signs of infection and often function normally. [86] This causes persistent infections and the virus is often dormant for many months or years. This is often the case with herpes viruses. [87] [88]
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection Yes: Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) Human parainfluenza virus infection Croup: Under research [19] [20] Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 infection Under research [21] [22] Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta: Hymenolepiasis: Examination of the stool for eggs and ...
For the virus to reproduce and thereby establish infection, it must enter cells of the host organism and use those cells' materials. To enter the cells, proteins on the surface of the virus interact with proteins of the cell. Attachment, or adsorption, occurs between the viral particle and the host cell membrane.
Main causes of fecal–oral disease transmission include lack of adequate sanitation (leading to open defecation), and poor hygiene practices. If soil or water bodies are polluted with fecal material, humans can be infected with waterborne diseases or soil-transmitted diseases. Fecal contamination of food is another form of fecal-oral transmission.
Chain of infection; the chain of events that lead to infection. There is a general chain of events that applies to infections, sometimes called the chain of infection [14] or transmission chain. The chain of events involves several steps – which include the infectious agent, reservoir, entering a susceptible host, exit and transmission to new ...