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During the Kojiki and Nihonshoki periods the tanka retained a well defined form, but the history of the mutations of the tanka itself forms an important chapter in haiku history, [7] until the modern revival of tanka began with several poets who began to publish literary magazines, gathering their friends and disciples as contributors.
Haiku (俳句, listen ⓘ) is a type of short form poetry that originated in Japan. Traditional Japanese haiku consist of three phrases composed of 17 morae (called on in Japanese) in a 5, 7, 5 pattern; [1] that include a kireji, or "cutting word"; [2] and a kigo, or seasonal reference.
The composition and translation of tanka in English begins at the end of the nineteenth century in England and the United States. Translations into English of classic Japanese tanka (traditionally known as waka) date back at least to the 1865 translation of the classic Ogura Hyakunin Isshu (c. early 13th century); an early publication of originally English tanka dates to 1899.
This is a list of kigo, which are words or phrases that are associated with a particular season in Japanese poetry.They provide an economy of expression that is especially valuable in the very short haiku, as well as the longer linked-verse forms renku and renga, to indicate the season referenced in the poem or stanza.
Shiki is regarded as a major figure in the development of modern haiku poetry, [3] credited with writing nearly 20,000 stanzas during his short life. [4] He also wrote on reform of tanka poetry. [5] Some consider Shiki to be one of the four great haiku masters, the others being Matsuo Bashō, Yosa Buson, and Kobayashi Issa. [6] [7]
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Ki no Tomonori by Kikuchi Yōsai Ki no Tomonori by Kanō Tan'yū, 1648. Ki no Tomonori (紀 友則, c. 850 – c. 904) was an early Heian waka poet of the court and a member of the sanjūrokkasen or Thirty-Six Poetry Immortals.
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