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The currency exchange rates no longer were governments' principal means of administering monetary policy. Under the floating rate system, during the 1970s, the dollar plunged by a third. Further, the Nixon shock unleashed enormous speculation against the dollar. The German Mark appreciated significantly after it was allowed to float in May 1971.
With the failure of the Bretton Woods system with the Nixon shock in 1971, the Smithsonian Agreement set bands of ±2.25% for currencies to move relative to their central rate against the US dollar. This provided a tunnel within which European currencies could trade.
President Nixon cancelled the fixed-rate convertibility of US dollars to gold in 1971. In the absence of fixed value convertibility to gold, compared to other currencies, the US dollar subsequently deteriorated in value for several years, making fixed USD to local currency exchange rates unsustainable for most countries.
U.S. President Richard Nixon's Secretary of the Treasury, George Shultz, enacting Nixon's "New Economic Policy", lifted price controls that had begun in 1971 (part of the "Nixon Shock"). This lifting of price controls resulted in a rapid increase in prices. Price freezes were re-established five months later. [29]
President Richard Nixon announces the closing of the gold window and the institution of wage-price controls. 1972: 110.14: Beginning of stagflation in response to the Nixon shock. 1973: 102.39: Gold standard ended; 1973 oil crisis takes place. Index created in March. 1974: 97.29: Nixon resigns as a result of the Watergate scandal; Gerald Ford ...
In 1972, the Nixon Administration became implicated in a conspiracy of political espionage. By 1973, Senate hearings had begun to draw out testimony implicating Nixon, himself, and investigations ...
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President Richard Nixon. Nixonomics, a portmanteau of the words "Nixon" and "economics", refers either to the performance of the U.S. economy under U.S. President Richard Nixon [1] (i.e. the expansions in 1969 and from 1970 to 1973 during the broader Post–World War II economic expansion and the recessions from 1969 to 1970 and from 1973 to 1975) or the Nixon administration's economic policies.