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The term grey literature acts as a collective noun to refer to a large number of publications types produced by organizations for various reasons. These include research and project reports, annual or activity reports, theses, conference proceedings, preprints, working papers, newsletters, technical reports, recommendations and technical standards, patents, technical notes, data and statistics ...
Grey literature is any scholarly or policy material produced outside of traditional academia and not published in traditional academic journals or books. It is "That which is produced on all levels of government, academics, business and industry in print and electronic formats, but which is not controlled by commercial publishers", [1] and consists of research and deliberations published in ...
A research design typically outlines the theories and models underlying a project; the research question(s) of a project; a strategy for gathering data and information; and a strategy for producing answers from the data. [1] A strong research design yields valid answers to research questions while weak designs yield unreliable, imprecise or ...
Meta-analyses and systematic reviews can account for publication bias by including evidence from unpublished studies and the grey literature. The presence of publication bias can also be explored by constructing a funnel plot in which the estimate of the reported effect size is plotted against a measure of precision or sample size.
The PRISMA flow diagram, depicting the flow of information through the different phases of a systematic review. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) is an evidence-based minimum set of items aimed at helping scientific authors to report a wide array of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, primarily used to assess the benefits and harms of a health care ...
Questionable research practices uncover a large grey area of problematic practices, which are frequently associated to deficiencies in research transparency. In 2016, a study identified as much as 34 questionable research practices or "degree of freedom", that can occur at all the steps of the project (the initial hypothesis, the design of the ...
On the other hand, the upsides of packaged shredded cheese include less moisture overall — so it is less likely to mold and generally lasts longer in the refrigerator than block cheese.
Luzi D. Trends and evolution in the development of grey literature: a review. International Journal on Grey Literature, 2000, vol. 1, n° 3, p. 106 – 117. Pilling S. Dr Wood, I presume! Interlending & Document Supply, 2001, vol 29, n° 2, p. 59–62. Schöpfel J. MetaGrey Europe, A Proposal in the Aftermath of EAGLE-SIGLE.