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Similar to other phenols, the hydroxyl groups on the aromatic ring of a benzenediol are weakly acidic. Each benzenediol can lose an H + from one of the hydroxyls to form a type of phenolate ion. The Dakin oxidation is an organic redox reaction in which an ortho - or para -hydroxylated phenyl aldehyde ( −CH=O ) or ketone ( >C=O ) reacts with ...
When protonated, the nitrogen in the amino group changes its orbital hybridization from sp 2 to sp 3, becoming non-planar. This leads to steric hindrance between the ortho-substituted group and the hydrogen atom of the amino group, reducing the stability of the conjugate acid and consequently decreasing the pH of substituted aniline.
Hydroxylamine reacts with electrophiles, such as alkylating agents, which can attach to either the oxygen or the nitrogen atoms: R−X + NH 2 OH → R−O−NH 2 + HX R−X + NH 2 OH → R−NH−OH + HX. The reaction of NH 2 OH with an aldehyde or ketone produces an oxime. R 2 C=O + [NH 3 OH]Cl → R 2 C=N−OH + NaCl + H 2 O (in NaOH solution)
Heteroarenes are aromatic compounds, where at least one methine or vinylene (-C= or -CH=CH-) group is replaced by a heteroatom: oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. [3] Examples of non-benzene compounds with aromatic properties are furan, a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered ring that includes a single oxygen atom, and pyridine, a heterocyclic compound with a six-membered ring containing one ...
Several rings contain basic as well as non-basic nitrogen atoms, e.g., imidazole and purine. In the non-basic rings, the lone pair of electrons of the nitrogen atom is delocalized and contributes to the aromatic pi-electron system. In these compounds, the nitrogen atom is connected to a hydrogen atom.
Amine. In chemistry, amines (/ ə ˈ m iː n, ˈ æ m iː n /, [1] [2] UK also / ˈ eɪ m iː n / [3]) are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair.Formally, amines are derivatives of ammonia (NH 3 (in which the bond angle between the nitrogen and hydrogen is 170°), wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an ...
The mechanism of S N 2 reaction does not occur due to steric hindrance of the benzene ring. In order to attack the C atom, the nucleophile must approach in line with the C-LG (leaving group) bond from the back, where the benzene ring lies. It follows the general rule for which S N 2 reactions occur only at a tetrahedral carbon atom.
The fusion of two benzene rings gives rise to a third large family of organic compounds. Analogs of the previously mentioned heterocycles for this third family of compounds are acridine, dibenzothiophene, carbazole, and dibenzofuran, respectively. Heterocyclic organic compounds can be usefully classified based on their electronic structure.