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Cimetidine was the prototypical histamine H 2 receptor antagonist from which later drugs were developed. Cimetidine was the culmination of a project at Smith, Kline & French (SK&F; now GlaxoSmithKline) by James W. Black, C. Robin Ganellin, and others to develop a histamine receptor antagonist that would suppress stomach acid secretion.
When these medications are used long term, the lowest effective dose should be taken. [4] They may also be taken only when symptoms occur in those with frequent problems. [5] Proton-pump inhibitors are named using the suffix "-prazole". There is a purported correlation (but no proven causal link) between the use of PPIs and the risk of dementia ...
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H2 antagonists (H2 blockers) are used to reduce stomach acid production and treat conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcers. [ 3 ] H 3 receptor H3 Receptors: These receptors are predominantly located in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in regions associated with neurotransmitter release and modulation.
Cimetidine, sold under the brand name Tagamet among others, is a histamine H 2 receptor antagonist that inhibits stomach acid production. [1] [9] [10] It is mainly used in the treatment of heartburn and peptic ulcers.
Sucralfate was approved for medical use in the United States in 1981. [3] It is available as a generic medication. [6] [7] In 2022, it was the 214th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions. [8] [9]
In general, proton pump inhibitors are well tolerated, and the incidence of short-term adverse effects is relatively low. The range and occurrence of adverse effects are similar for all of the PPIs, though they have been reported more frequently with omeprazole. This may be due to its longer availability and, hence, clinical experience.
The term antagonist was originally coined to describe different profiles of drug effects. [10] The biochemical definition of a receptor antagonist was introduced by Ariens [11] and Stephenson [12] in the 1950s. The current accepted definition of receptor antagonist is based on the receptor occupancy model. It narrows the definition of ...