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The Kennedy Krieger Institute (/ ˈ k r iː ɡ ər /) is a nonprofit, 501(c)(3) tax-exempt, Johns Hopkins affiliate located in Baltimore, Maryland, that provides in-patient and out-patient medical care, community services, and school-based programs for children and adolescents with learning disabilities, [1] as well as disorders of the brain, spinal cord, and musculoskeletal system.
Closed-head injuries are caused primarily by vehicular accidents, falls, acts of violence, and sports injuries. [4] Falls account for 35.2% of brain injuries in the United States, with rates highest for children ages 0–4 years and adults ages 75 years and older. [3] Head injuries are more common in men than women across every age group. [3]
The most common cause of intracranial epidural hematoma is head injury, although spontaneous hemorrhages have been known to occur. Epidural hematomas occur in about 10% of traumatic brain injuries, mostly due to car accidents, assaults, or falls. [3] They are often caused by acceleration-deceleration trauma and transverse forces. [8] [9]
In May 2007, Thomas M. Scalea, physician-in-chief for the R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, presented a case at the University of Maryland Medical School's annual historical clinicopathological conference in Baltimore on the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln and whether the world's first center for trauma victims could have improved ...
[31] [46] [60] In approximately 15% of people, symptoms may persist for years or be permanent. If symptoms are not resolved by one year, they are likely to be permanent, though improvements may occur after even two or three years, [43] or may suddenly occur after a long time without much improvement. [61] Older people and those who have ...
Subarachnoid hemorrhage may also occur in people who have had a head injury. Symptoms may include headache, decreased level of consciousness and hemiparesis (weakness of one side of the body). SAH is a frequent occurrence in traumatic brain injury and carries a poor prognosis if it is associated with deterioration in the level of consciousness ...
Prognosis is better in countries with a dedicated trauma system where injured persons are provided quick and effective access to proper treatment facilities. [6] Long-term prognosis frequently is complicated by pain; more than half of trauma patients have moderate to severe pain one year after injury. [74]
Brain injury; Other names: Brain damage, neurotrauma: A CT of the head years after a traumatic brain injury showing an empty space where the damage occurred, marked by the arrow: Specialty: Neurology: Symptoms: Depending on brain area injured: Types: Acquired brain injury (ABI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), focal or diffuse, primary and secondary