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Red dwarfs [12] are the smallest, coolest, and most common type of star. Estimates of their abundance range from 70% of stars in spiral galaxies to more than 90% of all stars in elliptical galaxies, [13] [14] an often quoted median figure being 72–76% of the stars in the Milky Way (known since the 1990s from radio telescopic observation to be a barred spiral). [15]
The Jovian planet was the first discovered around a red dwarf. [2] [3] First discovered with giant planet(s) Gliese 876: 1998 Gliese 876 b: The giant planet was the first planet discovered around a red dwarf. [2] [3] First discovered with terrestrial planet(s) Kepler-42 : 2012 KOI-961 b KOI-961 c KOI-961 d
Red Dwarf ' s design from Series X (2012) and onwards. The main setting of the series is the eponymous mining spaceship Red Dwarf. [9] In the first episode, set sometime in the late 21st century, [a] an on-board radiation leak kills everyone except lowest-ranking technician Dave Lister, who is in suspended animation at the time, as punishment for smuggling a cat aboard the ship.
Dwarf star with no other qualification generally refers to a main-sequence star, a star of luminosity class V: main-sequence stars (dwarfs). Example: Achernar (B6Vep) [2] Red dwarfs are low-mass main-sequence stars. Yellow dwarfs are main-sequence (dwarf) stars with masses comparable to that of the Sun. Orange dwarfs are K-type main-sequence stars.
In modern usage, the names applied to K-type main sequence stars vary. When explicitly defined, late K dwarfs are typically grouped with early to mid-M-class stars as red dwarfs, [4] but in other cases red dwarf is restricted just to M-class stars. [5] [6] In some cases all K stars are included as red dwarfs, [7] and occasionally even earlier ...
Thus life habitable zones require and very stable star like the Sun, at ±0.1% solar luminosity change. [10] [11] Finding a stable star, like the Sun, is the search for a solar twin, with solar analogs that have been found. [12] Proper star metallicity, size, mass, age, color, and temperature are also very important to having low luminosity ...
Alpha Centauri C, better known as Proxima Centauri, is a small main-sequence red dwarf of spectral class M6-Ve. It has an absolute magnitude of +15.60, over 20,000 times fainter than the Sun. Its mass is calculated to be 0.1221 M ☉. [101] It is the closest star to the Sun but is too faint to be visible to the naked eye. [102]
The Alpha Centauri star system is the closest star system to the Sun. List of nearest M-type stars ... Brightest red dwarf in the sky. List of nearest K-type stars