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Complex conjugation is the special case where the square root ... This property is used for removing a square root from a denominator, by multiplying the numerator ...
Geometric representation (Argand diagram) of and its conjugate ¯ in the complex plane.The complex conjugate is found by reflecting across the real axis.. In mathematics, the complex conjugate of a complex number is the number with an equal real part and an imaginary part equal in magnitude but opposite in sign.
In particular, if either or in the complex domain can be computed with some complexity, then that complexity is attainable for all other elementary functions. Below, the size n {\displaystyle n} refers to the number of digits of precision at which the function is to be evaluated.
The norm of a quaternion (the square root of the product with its conjugate, as with complex numbers) is the square root of the determinant of the corresponding matrix. [30] The scalar part of a quaternion is one half of the matrix trace. The conjugate of a quaternion corresponds to the conjugate transpose of the matrix.
(A variant of this can also be used to multiply complex numbers quickly.) Done recursively , this has a time complexity of O ( n log 2 3 ) {\displaystyle O(n^{\log _{2}3})} . Splitting numbers into more than two parts results in Toom-Cook multiplication ; for example, using three parts results in the Toom-3 algorithm.
Square roots of negative numbers can be discussed within the framework of complex numbers. More generally, square roots can be considered in any context in which a notion of the "square" of a mathematical object is defined. These include function spaces and square matrices, among other mathematical structures.
A method analogous to piece-wise linear approximation but using only arithmetic instead of algebraic equations, uses the multiplication tables in reverse: the square root of a number between 1 and 100 is between 1 and 10, so if we know 25 is a perfect square (5 × 5), and 36 is a perfect square (6 × 6), then the square root of a number greater than or equal to 25 but less than 36, begins with ...
An elliptic function is said to have complex multiplication if there is an algebraic relation between () and () for all in . Conversely, Kronecker conjectured – in what became known as the Kronecker Jugendtraum – that every abelian extension of K {\displaystyle K} could be obtained by the (roots of the) equation of a suitable elliptic curve ...
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