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Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks is a painting by Ilya Repin. [1] It is also known as Cossacks of Saporog Are Drafting a Manifesto and Cossacks are Writing a Letter to the Turkish Sultan [ a ] . Repin began painting the canvas in 1880 and finished in 1891.
1683 Polish version of the Cossack letter to the sultan, found in 2019 [11] [12]. U.S.-based Slavic and Eastern European historian Daniel C. Waugh (1978) observed: . The correspondence of the sultan with the Chyhyryn Cossacks had undergone a textual transformation sometime in the eighteenth century whereby the Chyhyryntsy became the Zaporozhians and the controlled satire of the reply was ...
The Zaporozhian Cossacks had various social and ethnic origins but were predominantly made up of escaped serfs who preferred the dangerous freedom of the wild steppes, rather than life under the rule of Polish aristocrats. However, townspeople, lesser noblemen and even Crimean Tatars also became part of the Cossack host.
Cossacks were leaving Crimea with loot and captives, reaching Perekop. However, Khan Adil Giray reorganized with his Tatar army and entered into battle with Sirko's Cossack army. Tatar army suffered a crushing defeat, and Khan was again forced to flee. [8] Cossacks killed over 3,000 Tatar troops and captured over 500 during the campaign. [3]
Similarly to the events in imperial Cossack hosts, a revival of Cossack self-organization also took place in Ukraine, inspired by the traditions of the Zaporozhian Sich and Cossack Hetmanate. In April 1917 a congress in Zvenyhorodka , Kyiv Governorate , established Free Cossacks as a volunteer militia in order "to defend the liberties of the ...
Turkish-Tatar army launched their campaign into the Sich once the rivers froze, at night to avoid getting detected. However, they were noticed by a Cossack named Shevchuk or Chefchika, who alerted his comrades, and made the presence of intruders in the Sich known to the other 150–350 Cossacks, which allowed them to react on time and equip their guns.
4,000 Zaporozhian Cossacks and 3,000 Don Cossacks unexpectedly met each other as they were moving through Crimean and Nogai steppes. [4] [7] Zaporozhian leader Pavlo Pavliuk and Don leader Mikhail Tatarinov decided to change their respective plans, instead planning a joint campaign on the Ottoman fortress of Azov.
Image credits: iMakeItSeemWeird #4. Mother Nature's big FU to the Chinese in response to the Great Sparrow Campaign. The campaign encouraged the Chinese to kill sparrows by the truckload because ...