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An intention is a mental state in which a person commits themselves to a course of action. Having the plan to visit the zoo tomorrow is an example of an intention. The action plan is the content of the intention while the commitment is the attitude towards this content.
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The Arthashastra (1.7.6) emphasizes Artha's importance, with Kautilya stating that material gain is the most crucial of the three ends of life, as it supports the realization of dharma and kama. [10] James Lochtefeld describes [1] artha as the means of life, and includes material prosperity.
Artha in one context means "purpose", "object of desire" and "meaning". [10] Together, Purushartha literally means "purpose of human being" or "object of human pursuit". [1] [11] Alf Hiltebeitel translates Purushartha as "Goals of Man". [12] Prasad clarifies that "Man" includes both man and woman in ancient and medieval Indian texts. [11]
[7] [12] [1] Reason is usually understood as the faculty responsible for the process of reasoning. [7] [14] This process aims at improving mental states. Reasoning tries to ensure that the norms of rationality obtain. It differs from rationality nonetheless since other psychological processes besides reasoning may have the same effect. [7]
Reason is the capacity of consciously applying logic by drawing valid conclusions from new or existing information, with the aim of seeking the truth. [1] It is associated with such characteristically human activities as philosophy, religion, science, language, mathematics, and art, and is normally considered to be a distinguishing ability possessed by humans.
The psychology of reasoning (also known as the cognitive science of reasoning [1]) is the study of how people reason, often broadly defined as the process of drawing conclusions to inform how people solve problems and make decisions. [2]
[23] [3] An inference is the mental process of reasoning that starts from the premises and arrives at the conclusion. [18] [24] But the terms "argument" and "inference" are often used interchangeably in logic. The purpose of arguments is to convince a person that something is the case by providing reasons for this belief.