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A foreign-body giant cell is a collection of fused macrophages which are generated in response to the presence of a large foreign body. This is particularly evident with catheters , parasites , or biomaterials that are inserted into the body for replacement or regeneration of diseased or damaged tissues.
Foreign-body giant cells form when a subject is exposed to a foreign substance. Exogenous substances can include talc or sutures. As with other types of giant cells, epithelioid macrophages fusing together causes these giant cells to form and grow. [13] In this form of giant cell, the nuclei are arranged in an overlapping manner.
Foreign body granuloma formation consists of protein adsorption, macrophages, multinucleated foreign body giant cells (macrophage fusion), fibroblasts, and angiogenesis. It has also been proposed that the mechanical property of the interface between an implant and its surrounding tissues is critical for the host response.
Granulation tissue with a poorly formed granuloma to the left of centre. Within this area there is a multinucleate giant cell of the Langhans type. The patient had a healing mycobacterial infection of the skin (Mycobacterium ulcerans infection). Langhans giant cells (LGC) are giant cells found in granulomatous conditions.
Epithelioid cell granuloma can be defined as specifically and structurally organized collection of epithelioid cells, macrophages, lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Foreign-body granulomas may be considered an organized collection of macrophages, including mere collections of giant cells surrounding inert substances like suture material – the ...
Some interleukins prompt monocytes and macrophages to fuse to form foreign-body giant cells as part of a body's immune response. For example, interleukin-4 can promote the activation of transcription factor STAT6 by phosphorylation. This can then trigger expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 . [5]
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Foreign body-type and Touton-type giant cells, calcospherites, cholesterol clefts and hemosiderin deposits are additional findings. [ citation needed ] Hemorrhage , suppuration and necrosis are therefore the initial conditions leading to the xanthogranulomatous response.