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The Red Guards (Chinese: 红卫兵; pinyin: hóng wèibīng) were a mass, student-led, paramilitary social movement mobilized by Chairman Mao Zedong in 1966 until their abolition in 1968, during the first phase of the Cultural Revolution, which he had instituted. [3] According to a Red Guard leader, the movement's aims were as follows:
China analyst John Gittings welcomed Li's book in his review, noting Li was a Red Guard as well as a photographer and did not deny that he also led "struggle sessions" against innocent victims. Gittings writes that Li's photos reflect a desire to record and understand, and that it was "unique" for a simple reason: "Although the post-Mao Chinese ...
The organization was established in mid-October 1966 and was supported by the rebels in Beijing. [1]: 150 [2] The organization takes its name from a river that flows through Hunan, the Xiangjiang River. [3]
[9] [18] At the same time, Red Guards launched a nationwide campaign to destroy the "Four Olds". [1] [9] In Beijing alone, a total of 4,922 historic sites were ruined, and the Red Guards burned 2.3 million books as well as 3.3 million paintings, art objects, and pieces of furniture. [4] [10] Red Guards on Tiananmen Square of Beijing (September ...
The Chinese Red Army, formally the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army [a] or just the Red Army, was the military wing of the Chinese Communist Party from 1928 to 1937. It was formed when Communist elements of the National Revolutionary Army splintered and mutinied in the Nanchang Uprising .
When Mao Zedong launched the Cultural Revolution in 1966, the initial thrust was to attack the so-called "bourgeois reactionary authorities" and "white experts", and students who opposed their teachers and focused more on politics formed the Red Guards. However, after Red August, Mao began to have students attack the "capitalist roaders of the ...
The political climate was tense in Hong Kong in the spring of 1967. Across the colony's northern border was a tumultuous People's Republic of China (PRC), with Red Guards carrying out purges and engaging in infighting amidst the Cultural Revolution.
Rebel groups of Red Guards marching in Shanghai, 1967. During the Cultural Revolution, a Rebel Faction (Chinese: 造反派; pinyin: Zàofǎn pài) referred to a group or a sociopolitical movement that was self-proclaimed "rebellious". Composed of workers and students, they were often the more radical wing of the Red Guards and grew around 1967 ...