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Vibrio cholerae is a species of Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe and comma-shaped bacteria. [1] ... Transmission from person to person is very unlikely, ...
Cholera (/ ˈ k ɒ l ər ə /) is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. [4] [3] Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. [3]The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea lasting a few days. [2]
Although fecal–oral transmission is usually discussed as a route of transmission, it is actually a specification of the entry and exit portals of the pathogen, and can operate across several of the other routes of transmission. [1] Fecal–oral transmission is primarily considered as an indirect contact route through contaminated food or water.
Pathogenic Vibrio species include V. cholerae (the causative agent of cholera), V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus. V. cholerae is generally transmitted by contaminated water. [3] Pathogenic Vibrio species can cause foodborne illness (infection), usually associated with eating undercooked seafood. [18]
Inhabitants of fresh or salt water, several species are pathogenic, including the type species Vibrio cholerae, which is the agent responsible for cholera. Most bioluminescent bacteria belong to this family, and are typically found as symbionts of deep-sea animals. [1]
The suspected source of Vibrio cholerae in Haiti was the Artibonite River, from which most of the affected people had consumed the water. [18] Each year, tens of thousands of Haitians bathe, wash their clothes and dishes, obtain drinking water, and recreate in this river, therefore resulting in high rates of exposure to Vibrio cholerae. [19]
[1] [2] While the Vibrio cholerae bacteria had not been able to spread to western Europe until the 19th century, faster and improved modes of modern transportation, such as steamships and railways, reduced the duration of the journey considerably and facilitated the transmission of cholera and other infectious diseases.
One of the first pathogens observed by scientists was Vibrio cholerae, described in detail by Filippo Pacini in 1854.His initial findings were just drawings of the bacteria but, up until 1880, he published many other papers concerning the bacteria.