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Jean-Martin Charcot (French: [ʒɑ̃ maʁtɛ̃ ʃaʁko]; 29 November 1825 – 16 August 1893) was a French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology. [2] He worked on groundbreaking work about hypnosis and hysteria , in particular with his hysteria patient Louise Augustine Gleizes . [ 3 ]
The painting represents an imaginary scene of a contemporary scientific demonstration, based on real life, and depicts the eminent French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893) delivering a clinical lecture and demonstration at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (the room in which these demonstrations took place no longer exists at the Salpêtrière).
Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893) was a French neurologist and professor who bestowed the eponym for Tourette syndrome on behalf of his intern, Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette. Charcot is shown here demonstrating hypnosis. [4]
Friedrich Albert von Zenker was the first to notice these crystals, doing so in 1851, after which they were described jointly by Jean-Martin Charcot and Charles-Philippe Robin in 1853, [3] then in 1872 by Ernst Viktor von Leyden. [4] [5]
Statistical work in the 1880s finally turned the conception of hysteria on its head. In 1882, Jean-Martin Charcot had made a "radical" move by citing Briquet's estimate of hysteria having a 1:20 ratio of incidence in males compared to females, [6]: 183 and added a section for male sufferers of hysteria to his Paris hospital, the Salpetrière.
Marie "Blanche" Wittman (often spelled Wittmann; April 15, 1859 – 1913) was a French woman known as one of the hysteria patients of Jean-Martin Charcot.She was institutionalized in La Salpêtrière in 1877, and was treated by Charcot until his death in 1893.
In the late nineteenth century, French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot tackled what he referred to as "the great neurosis" or hysteria. [25] Charcot theorized that hysteria was a hereditary, physiological disorder. [25] He believed hysteria impaired areas of the brain which provoked the physical symptoms displayed in each patient. [25]
Jean-Martin Charcot argued that hysteria derived from a neurological disorder and asserted that it was more common in men than women. [4] Charcot's theories of hysteria being a physical condition of the mind and not of the body led to a more scientific and analytical approach to hysteria in the 19th century.