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The prisoner's dilemma is a game theory thought experiment involving two rational agents, each of whom can either cooperate for mutual benefit or betray their partner ("defect") for individual gain. The dilemma arises from the fact that while defecting is rational for each agent, cooperation yields a higher payoff for each.
This chart illustrates the prisoner's dilemma, one of the most famous examples of game theory. Social dilemmas have attracted a great deal of interest in the social and behavioral sciences. Economists, biologists, psychologists, sociologists, and political scientists alike study behavior in social dilemmas.
If every prisoner selects 50 drawers independently and randomly, the probability that a single prisoner finds their number is 50%. The probability that all prisoners find their numbers is the product of the single probabilities, which is ( 1 / 2 ) 100 ≈ 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 0008 , a vanishingly small number.
English: The relationship between zero-determinant (ZD), cooperating and defecting strategies in the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma (IPD). Cooperating strategies always cooperate with other cooperating strategies, and defecting strategies always defect against other defecting strategies.
This image was created by Christopher X Jon Jensen and Greg Riestenberg archive copy at the Wayback Machine as part of the Evolutionary Games Infographic Project (EGIP). For more free game theory infographics plus a guide to using these images, please visit the EGIP Wikimedia Gallery or the EGIP main page.
To avoid the worst-case outcome of the prisoner’s dilemma, though, the company has hedged its bets. It seeks out fellow corporate climate leaders and sells them on its new CO2-light products.
Youth Services International confronted a potentially expensive situation. It was early 2004, only three months into the private prison company’s $9.5 million contract to run Thompson Academy, a juvenile prison in Florida, and already the facility had become a scene of documented violence and neglect.
The three prisoners problem appeared in Martin Gardner's "Mathematical Games" column in Scientific American in 1959. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is mathematically equivalent to the Monty Hall problem with car and goat replaced respectively with freedom and execution.