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Women's adoption of the stola may have paralleled the increasing identification of the toga with citizen men, but this seems to have been a far from straightforward process. An equestrian statue , described by Pliny the Elder as "ancient", showed the early Republican heroine Cloelia on horseback, wearing a toga. [ 76 ]
The toga virilis ("toga of manhood") was a semi-elliptical, white woolen cloth some 6 feet (1.8 m) in width and 12 feet (3.7 m) in length, draped across the shoulders and around the body. It was usually worn over a plain white linen tunic. A commoner's toga virilis was
The toga candida, an especially whitened toga, was worn by political candidates. Prostitutes wore the toga muliebris, rather than the tunics worn by most women. The toga pulla was dark-colored and worn for mourning, while the toga purpurea, of purple-dyed wool, was worn in times of triumph and by the Roman emperor.
Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting) represents formal changes and reforms regarding women's rights. That includes actual law reforms as well as other formal changes, such as reforms through new interpretations of laws by precedents .
The laws of ancient Rome law, like the laws of ancient Athens law, profoundly disfavored women. [33] Roman citizenship was tiered, and women could hold a form of second-class citizenship with certain limited legal privileges and protections unavailable to non-citizens , freedmen, or slaves , but not on par with men.
In Latin literature, wearing the male toga was associated with prostitution and adultery. [11] [12] In Roman life, the only Roman women who wore a toga were unfree prostitutes (referred to as meretrices or ancillae) who worked in the streets and in brothels.
Under Polish law all legal professionals taking part in court proceedings, both members of adjudicating panel (judges and lay judges) and lawyers representing parties (prosecutors, advocates, etc.) have to wear black court dress (pol. toga) paired with coloured jabot (pol. żabot).
Statue of Lady Justice blindfolded and holding a balance and a sword, outside the Court of Final Appeal, Hong Kong. Lady Justice (Latin: Iustitia) is an allegorical personification of the moral force in judicial systems.