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Freeze-cast alumina that has been partially sintered. The freezing direction in the image is up. Freeze-casting, also frequently referred to as ice-templating, freeze casting, or freeze alignment, is a technique that exploits the highly anisotropic solidification behavior of a solvent (generally water) in a well-dispersed solution or slurry to controllably template directionally porous ...
Where the modulus M is the ratio of the casting's volume to its surface area: M = V A {\displaystyle M={\frac {V}{A}}} The mold constant B depends on the properties of the metal, such as density, heat capacity , heat of fusion and superheat, and the mold, such as initial temperature, density, thermal conductivity , heat capacity and wall thickness.
Sugar sculpture is the art of producing artistic centerpieces entirely composed of sugar and sugar derivatives. These were very popular at grand feasts from the Renaissance until at least the 18th century, and sometimes made by famous artists.
Fractional freezing is a process used in process engineering and chemistry to separate substances with different melting points. It can be done by partial melting of a solid, for example in zone refining of silicon or metals, or by partial crystallization of a liquid, as in freeze distillation, also called normal freezing or progressive freezing.
If a gap exists between the solidus and liquidus it is called the freezing range, and within that gap, the substance consists of a mixture of solid and liquid phases (like a slurry). Such is the case, for example, with the olivine ( forsterite - fayalite ) system, which is common in Earth's mantle .
Lost wax casting can be dated back to 4000 BC or the Chalcolithic period. [4] One of the oldest studied examples of this technique is a 6,000-year-old amulet from the Indus Valley Civilisation. [9] India is attributed as one of the first civilizations to use casting methods to mass-produce coins.
In addition to the main aspects of casting production – filling, crystallization, and porosity prediction, ProCAST is capable of predicting the occurrence of deformations and residual stresses in the casting and can be used to analyze processes such as core making, centrifugal casting, lost wax casting, continuous casting. [32]
This ratio must be maintained within a range to ensure single crystal formation with the correct microstructure of the coarse dendrite with side branches. [8] It has been found that increasing the solidification cooling rate further improves the mechanical properties and rupture life of single crystals grown by directional solidification due to ...