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The World Health Organization calculated that more than 3 million people, mostly men, died as a result of harmful use of alcohol in 2016. This was about 13.5% of the total deaths of people between 20 and 39. More than 5% of the global disease burden was caused by the harmful use of alcohol. [99] There are even higher estimates for Europe. [100]
Alcohol crosses the placental barrier and can stunt fetal growth or weight, create distinctive facial stigmata, damaged neurons and brain structures, and cause other physical, mental, or behavioural problems. [222] Fetal alcohol exposure is the leading known cause of intellectual disability in the Western world. [223]
A new federal report shows that one drink per day could raise the risk of liver damage and several cancers. The report follows a recommendation by the U.S. Surgeon General on safe alcohol ...
Alcohol is a tiny molecule, bathing nearly every cell in the body when we drink. The basic trajectory of liquor in the body is from a person's mouth, through the esophagus, to the stomach ...
“Alcohol is a well-established, preventable cause of cancer responsible for about 100,000 cases of cancer and 20,000 cancer deaths annually in the United States – greater than the 13,500 ...
Complications may include seizures, aspiration pneumonia, low blood sugar, and injuries or self-harm such as suicide. [3] [4] Alcohol intoxication can lead to alcohol-related crime with perpetrators more likely to be intoxicated than victims. [12] Alcohol intoxication typically begins after two or more alcoholic drinks. [5]
In 1979, the World Health Organization discouraged the use of alcoholism due to its inexact meaning, preferring alcohol dependence syndrome. [107] Misuse, problem use, abuse, and heavy use of alcohol refer to improper use of alcohol, which may cause physical, social, or moral harm to the drinker. [108]
Alcohol has a powerful effect on glutamate as well. Alcohol decreases glutamate's ability to bind with NMDA and acts as an antagonist of the NMDA receptor, which plays a critical role in LTP by allowing Ca2+ to enter the cell. These inhibitory effects are thought to be responsible for the "memory blanks" that can occur at levels as low as 0.03% ...