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The adult lamprey is characterized by a toothed, funnel-like sucking mouth. The common name "lamprey" is probably derived from Latin lampetra, which may mean "stone licker" (lambere "to lick" + petra "stone"), though the etymology is uncertain. [3] Lamprey is sometimes seen for the plural form. [4]
Lethenteron appendix, the American brook lamprey, is a common non-parasitic lamprey in North America. [4] In adults their disc-like mouths contain poorly developed teeth, useless for attaching to a host.
The silver lamprey is an eel-like fish with an attenuate body composed of 49–52 clearly defined segments (i.e. myomeres, between the last gill slit and the anus).Silver lampreys possess a cartilaginous skeleton, and adults generally grow to a length of 12 inches and are silvery or bluish in color when spawning.
Systematic Diagram of Lamprey Oral Disc The mouth of the Lampetra genus is characterized by gaps in the bi and tricuspid lateral circumorals, missing posterior circumorals, crescent shaped infraoral lamina, tall but small longitudinal lingual lamina, curved transverse lingual lamina, and deep supraoral lamina (Diagrams of oral anatomy below).
The range of the chestnut lamprey extends from Lake Winnipeg and the Hudson Bay down the Mississippi River to the Central and Eastern United States; this includes any large lakes or reservoirs where large host fish are present. [6] In Canada, the chestnut lamprey has been found in Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec. [9]
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The brook lamprey is a common, non-parasitic species that is endemic to Europe. [1] Adult brook lampreys measure from 12 to 14 cm (4.7 to 5.5 in). The body is highly elongated and dark blue or greenish above, lightening to yellowish off-white on the sides and pure white on the ventral side.
The Ohio lamprey (Ichthyomyzon bdellium) is a lamprey found in the Ohio River drainage basin in the United States and is a parasitic species of lampreys. They are considered to be an endangered /rare species in some states, due to siltation , pollution , and construction of dams .