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  2. Opto-isolator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opto-isolator

    Schematic diagram of an opto-isolator showing source of light (LED) on the left, dielectric barrier in the center, and sensor (phototransistor) on the right [note 1]. An opto-isolator (also called an optocoupler, photocoupler, or optical isolator) is an electronic component that transfers electrical signals between two isolated circuits by using light. [1]

  3. File:Optoisolator Pinout.svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Optoisolator_Pinout.svg

    A schematic pinout of an extremely simple opto-isolator device. Often diode and transistor protection and/or amplification will be added. The dashed line in the centre represents to isolation barrer, over which no electrical contact can be permitted.

  4. Resistive opto-isolator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistive_opto-isolator

    Opto-isolator VTL2C1 with LED input and photoresistor output. Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator [notes 1] or lamp-coupled photocell, [1] is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically ...

  5. Galvanic isolation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanic_isolation

    Optocouplers are used within a system to decouple a function block from another connected to the power grid or other high voltage, for safety and equipment protection. For example, power semiconductors connected to the line voltage may be switched by optocouplers driven from low-voltage circuits, which need not be insulated for the higher line ...

  6. TL431 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TL431

    [47] [48] The TL432 is electrically the same as TL431, manufactured in surface-mount packages only, and having a different pinout. [14] In 2015, Texas Instruments announced the ATL431, an improved derivative of the TL431 for very high efficiency switch-mode regulators [49] that has a V REF of 2.5 V instead of 2.495 V.

  7. Photodiode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodiode

    A photodiode is often combined into a single component with an emitter of light, usually a light-emitting diode (LED), either to detect the presence of a mechanical obstruction to the beam (slotted optical switch) or to couple two digital or analog circuits while maintaining extremely high electrical isolation between them, often for safety ...

  8. Tube socket - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tube_socket

    Relays were historically manufactured in a vacuum tube form, [13] and industrial-grade relays continue to use the octal base for their pinout. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] An octal base tube, Soviet 6Π3C, similar to the 6L6 .

  9. JTAG - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JTAG

    JTAG (named after the Joint Test Action Group which codified it) is an industry standard for verifying designs of and testing printed circuit boards after manufacture.. JTAG implements standards for on-chip instrumentation in electronic design automation (EDA) as a complementary tool to digital simulation. [1]