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Activation-induced cytidine deaminase, also known as AICDA, AID and single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase, is a 24 kDa enzyme which in humans is encoded by the AICDA gene. [5] It creates mutations in DNA [ 6 ] [ 7 ] by deamination of cytosine base, which turns it into uracil (which is recognized as a thymine ).
Gal4 is a modular protein consisting broadly of a DNA-binding domain and an activation domain. The UAS to which GAL4 binds is CGG-N 11-CCG, where N can be any base. [6] Although GAL4 is a yeast protein not normally present in other organisms it has been shown to work as a transcription activator in a variety of organisms such as Drosophila, [7] and human cells, highlighting that the same ...
Chemically induced dimerization (CID) is a biological mechanism in which two proteins bind only in the presence of a certain small molecule, enzyme or other dimerizing agent. [1] Genetically engineered CID systems are used in biological research to control protein localization, to manipulate signalling pathways and to induce protein activation.
The apoptotic DNA fragmentation is being used as a marker of apoptosis and for identification of apoptotic cells either via the DNA laddering assay, [2] the TUNEL assay, [3] [4] or the by detection of cells with fractional DNA content ("sub G 1 cells") on DNA content frequency histograms e.g. as in the Nicoletti assay. [5] [6]
Two-hybrid screening (originally known as yeast two-hybrid system or Y2H) is a molecular biology technique used to discover protein–protein interactions (PPIs) [1] and protein–DNA interactions [2] [3] by testing for physical interactions (such as binding) between two proteins or a single protein and a DNA molecule, respectively.
After activation, is a tetramer with a molecular weight around 100 kD. [20] However, the form of enzyme present in the circulation does not correspond to the protein as encoded by the gene: the main fraction of the active enzyme in the circulation has a molecular weight of 730 kD and is probably bound in a complex to other proteins.
A FIDA assay works in complex solutions (e.g. plasma [18]), and provides information regarding analyte concentration, affinity constants, molecular size and binding kinetics. A single assay is typically completed in minutes and only requires a sample consumption of a few μL. [17]
Mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker, or MARCM, is a genetics technique for creating individually labeled homozygous cells in an otherwise heterozygous Drosophila melanogaster. [1] It has been a crucial tool in studying the development of the Drosophila nervous system.