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Activation-induced cytidine deaminase, also known as AICDA, AID and single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase, is a 24 kDa enzyme which in humans is encoded by the AICDA gene. [5] It creates mutations in DNA [ 6 ] [ 7 ] by deamination of cytosine base, which turns it into uracil (which is recognized as a thymine ).
[2] [5] [4] [13] [14] However, the aPTT-based APC resistance test is much less sensitive to the procoagulatory effects of estrogens than is the ETP-based test. [13] [14] [5] [4] [2] [15] Pregnancy [7] and ethinylestradiol (EE)-containing combined birth control pills increase APC resistance as measured by either the aPTT- or ETP-based test.
Birth control pills containing estradiol or estetrol also appear to have less influence on coagulation activation markers than ethinylestradiol-containing birth control pills. [8] Markers of platelet activation (primary hemostasis) include platelet factor 4 (PF4), β-thromboglobulin (β-TG), and P-selectin. [13] [14]
The typical test temperature is 37 °C, but different temperatures can be selected, e.g. for patients with hypothermia. [7] In contrast to thrombelastography with its pendulum-like principle, the design of the TEM viscoelastic detection system (figure 1) makes it quite robust and insensitive against mechanical shocks or vibrations. [citation ...
Chemically induced dimerization (CID) is a biological mechanism in which two proteins bind only in the presence of a certain small molecule, enzyme or other dimerizing agent. [1] Genetically engineered CID systems are used in biological research to control protein localization, to manipulate signalling pathways and to induce protein activation.
The apoptotic DNA fragmentation is being used as a marker of apoptosis and for identification of apoptotic cells either via the DNA laddering assay, [2] the TUNEL assay, [3] [4] or the by detection of cells with fractional DNA content ("sub G 1 cells") on DNA content frequency histograms e.g. as in the Nicoletti assay. [5] [6]
Mechanism of class-switch recombination that allows isotype switching in activated B cells. Immunoglobulin class switching, also known as isotype switching, isotypic commutation or class-switch recombination (CSR), is a biological mechanism that changes a B cell's production of immunoglobulin from one type to another, such as from the isotype IgM to the isotype IgG. [1]
Activated clotting time (ACT), also known as activated coagulation time, is a test of coagulation. [1] [2]The ACT test can be used to monitor anticoagulation effects, such as from high-dose heparin before, during, and shortly after procedures that require intense anticoagulant administration, such as cardiac bypass, interventional cardiology, thrombolysis, extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation ...