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In mathematics, an ordinary differential equation (ODE) is a differential equation (DE) dependent on only a single independent variable. As with any other DE, its unknown(s) consists of one (or more) function (s) and involves the derivatives of those functions. [ 1 ]
The step size is =. The same illustration for = The midpoint method converges faster than the Euler method, as .. Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations are methods used to find numerical approximations to the solutions of ordinary differential equations (ODEs).
An ordinary differential equation (ODE) is an equation containing an unknown function of one real or complex variable x, its derivatives, and some given functions of x. The unknown function is generally represented by a variable (often denoted y), which, therefore, depends on x. Thus x is often called the independent variable of the equation.
In mathematics, an autonomous system or autonomous differential equation is a system of ordinary differential equations which does not explicitly depend on the independent variable. When the variable is time, they are also called time-invariant systems .
The numerical results decrease monotonically to zero, just as the exact solution does. One of the most prominent examples of the stiff ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is a system that describes the chemical reaction of Robertson: [ 1 ]
A singular solution y s (x) of an ordinary differential equation is a solution that is singular or one for which the initial value problem (also called the Cauchy problem by some authors) fails to have a unique solution at some point on the solution.
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For an arbitrary system of ODEs, a set of solutions (), …, are said to be linearly-independent if: + … + = is satisfied only for = … = =.A second-order differential equation ¨ = (,, ˙) may be converted into a system of first order linear differential equations by defining = ˙, which gives us the first-order system: