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  2. Outline of epistemology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_epistemology

    Teaching Theory of Knowledge – Marjorie Clay (ed.), an electronic publication from The Council for Philosophical Studies. An Introduction to Epistemology by Paul Newall, aimed at beginners. A Summary of Sunni Epistemology A concise and accessible introduction to epistemology in the Muslim world for laymen

  3. List of philosophical problems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_philosophical_problems

    By reframing knowledge as a socio-historical process, Schaff's theory potentially avoids Gettier cases by grounding knowledge in collective human practice rather than individual justification. [8] This perspective offers a Marxist materialist solution to the Gettier problem, emphasizing the social nature of knowledge over individual belief states.

  4. Epistemology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemology

    Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, origin, and limits of knowledge.Also called theory of knowledge, it explores different types of knowledge, such as propositional knowledge about facts, practical knowledge in the form of skills, and knowledge by acquaintance as a familiarity through experience.

  5. Philosophical methodology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_methodology

    Philosophical naturalists often reject this line of thought and hold that empirical evidence can confirm or disconfirm philosophical theories, at least indirectly. [9] Philosophical evidence, which may be obtained, for example, through intuitions or thought experiments, is central for justifying basic principles and axioms.

  6. List of philosophical concepts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_philosophical_concepts

    Cambridge change; Camp; Cartesian other; Cartesian Self; Categorical imperative; Categorization; Category of being; Causal adequacy principle; Causality; Chakra

  7. Glossary of philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_philosophy

    The philosophy that knowledge is to be measured according to experiences and firsthand accounts. experimentalism A philosophy that uses data obtained from experiments in order to ascertain the integrity of an idea or proposed concept. Expressionism An aesthetic and artistic movement that distorted reality for enhanced or exaggerated emotional ...

  8. Outline of philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_philosophy

    Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. [1] [2] It is distinguished from other ways of addressing fundamental questions (such as mysticism, myth) by being critical and generally systematic and by its reliance on rational argument. [3]

  9. Philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy

    An example of this usage is the 1687 book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica by Isaac Newton. This book referred to natural philosophy in its title, but it is today considered a book of physics. [9] The meaning of philosophy changed toward the end of the modern period when it acquired the more narrow meaning common today. In this new ...