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Lupus, formally called systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body. [1] Symptoms vary among people and may be mild to severe. [1]
In 1999 a study noted, "In recent years there has been growing concern regarding the diagnosis of incomplete forms of the autoimmune diseases" [26] and the first classification criteria were proposed in that year. [1] Historically the condition was sometimes called undifferentiated connective tissue syndrome, latent lupus or incomplete lupus. [1]
Currently, the diagnosis of SLE depends on finding a combination of criteria that strongly support it. [2] The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) is an international group dedicated to studying SLE. This group evaluated the following Clinical and Immunological criteria (i.e
Lupus erythematosus may manifest as systemic disease or in a purely cutaneous form also known as incomplete lupus erythematosus. Lupus has four main types: [citation needed] systemic; discoid; drug-induced; neonatal; Of these, systemic lupus erythematosus (also known as SLE) is the most common and serious form.
The identification of consistent clinical symptoms and histopathologic findings is the basis for the diagnosis of tumid lupus erythematosus. Provocative phototesting results and antimalarial medication response are additional tests that are not usually required but can confirm a diagnosis of tumid lupus erythematosus.
Two authors have outlines a histopathologic diagnostic criteria for lupus erythematosus panniculitis. The major criteria includes calcification, periseptal or lobular lymphocytic panniculitis , lymphocytic aggregates and lymphoid follicle formation, and hyaline fat necrosis .
This diagnostic criteria, which was written in 2017, is helping doctors diagnose more patients with MS, when originally, they might have been diagnosed with another condition.
Discoid lupus erythematosus is the most common type of chronic cutaneous lupus (CCLE), an autoimmune skin condition on the lupus erythematosus spectrum of illnesses. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It presents with red, painful, inflamed and coin-shaped patches of skin with a scaly and crusty appearance, most often on the scalp, cheeks, and ears.