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The minimum and the maximum value are the first and last order statistics (often denoted X (1) and X (n) respectively, for a sample size of n). If the sample has outliers , they necessarily include the sample maximum or sample minimum, or both, depending on whether they are extremely high or low.
This means that the difference between receiving $10 tomorrow and $11 in two days is different from receiving $10 in 100 days and $11 in 101 days. Although the difference between the values and the times is the same, people value the two options at a different discount rate.
For example, x ∗ is a strict global maximum point if for all x in X with x ≠ x ∗, we have f(x ∗) > f(x), and x ∗ is a strict local maximum point if there exists some ε > 0 such that, for all x in X within distance ε of x ∗ with x ≠ x ∗, we have f(x ∗) > f(x). Note that a point is a strict global maximum point if and only if ...
At , a slightly higher harvest rate, however there is only one equilibrium point (at ), which is the population size that produces the maximum growth rate. With logistic growth, this point, called the maximum sustainable yield, is where the population size is half the carrying capacity (or N = K 2 {\displaystyle N={\frac {K}{2}}} ).
The Modern Maximum was found by Sami Solanki, Ilya G. Usoskin and colleagues [1] as the period of unusually high solar activity [2] which began with solar cycle 15 in 1914. It reached a maximum in solar cycle 19 during the late 1950s and may have ended with the peak of solar cycle 23 in 2000, as solar cycle 24 is recording, at best, very muted ...
The EM method was modified to compute maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates for Bayesian inference in the original paper by Dempster, Laird, and Rubin. Other methods exist to find maximum likelihood estimates, such as gradient descent, conjugate gradient, or variants of the Gauss–Newton algorithm. Unlike EM, such methods typically require the ...
While 70% of boomers have zero tolerance for any level of tardiness, in Gen Z’s eyes, 10 minutes late is still on time—explaining the friction between the two generations at work. (hobo_018 ...
In information theory, the noisy-channel coding theorem (sometimes Shannon's theorem or Shannon's limit), establishes that for any given degree of noise contamination of a communication channel, it is possible (in theory) to communicate discrete data (digital information) nearly error-free up to a computable maximum rate through the channel.