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Serratia marcescens (/ s ə ˈ r eɪ ʃ i ə m ɑːr ˈ s ɛ s ɪ n z /) [3] [failed verification] is a species of rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria in the family Yersiniaceae. It is a facultative anaerobe and an opportunistic pathogen in humans. It was discovered in 1819 by Bartolomeo Bizio in Padua, Italy. [4]
Serratia is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. [5] They are typically 1–5 μm in length, do not produce spores, [6] and can be found in water, soil, plants, and animals. [7]
Prodigiosin is a red dye produced by many strains of the bacterium Serratia marcescens, [1] [2] as well as other Gram-negative, gamma proteobacteria such as Vibrio psychroerythrus and Hahella chejuensis. It is responsible for the pink tint occasionally found in grime that accumulates on porcelain surfaces such as bathtubs, sinks, and toilet bowls.
Red diaper syndrome is an infection by Serratia marcescens bacteria that causes a baby's diaper as well as nursing pads and breast pumps to turn pink or red. [1] [2 ...
In 1950, to conduct a simulation of a biological warfare attack, the U.S. Navy sprayed large quantities of the bacterium Serratia marcescens – considered harmless at the time – over the city of San Francisco during a project called Operation Sea-Spray. Numerous citizens contracted pneumonia-like illnesses, and at least one person died as a ...
Operation Sea-Spray was a 1950 U.S. Navy secret biological warfare experiment in which Serratia marcescens and Bacillus globigii bacteria were sprayed over the San Francisco Bay Area in California, in order to determine how vulnerable a city like San Francisco may be to a bioweapon attack, killing at least one American and sickening at least 10 more.
The prodiginines are secondary metabolites originally noted in Serratia species, especially Serratia marcescens. They are also found in Actinomycetes, for example Streptomyces coelicolor and some marine bacteria, including Hahella chejuensis and Pseudoalteromonas denitrificans. Cyclononylprodigiosin was isolated from Actinomadura species. [2] [3]
Serratia marcescens has an ampC gene which can be induced by exposure to antibiotics such as cephalosporins. Thus, culture sensitivities may initially indicate appropriate treatment which fails due to bacterial response. Enterobacter as a group also have an inducible ampC gene. Enterobacter may also develop resistance by acquiring plasmids.