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The Maya calendar is a system of calendars used in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica and in many modern communities in the Guatemalan highlands, [1] Veracruz, Oaxaca and Chiapas, Mexico. [ 2 ] The essentials of the Maya calendar are based upon a system which had been in common use throughout the region, dating back to at least the 5th century BC.
The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar is a non-repeating base-20 and base-18 calendar used by pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures, most notably the Maya. For this reason, it is often known as the Maya Long Count calendar.
The Maya version of the 260-day calendar is commonly known to scholars as the Tzolkin, or Tzolk'in in the revised orthography of the Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala. [23] The Tzolk'in is combined with the 365-day calendar (known as the Haab , or Haab' ), to form a synchronized cycle lasting for 52 Haabs, called the Calendar Round .
The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya: An Illustrated Dictionary of Mesoamerican Religion. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05068-6. OCLC 27667317. Prem, Hanns J. (2008). Manual de la antigua cronología Mexicana. Mexico: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social. ISBN 978-968-496-694-9.
Breaking the Maya Code. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05061-9. Foster, Lynn V. (2002). Handbook to Life in the Ancient Mayan World. New York: Facts on File. Kettunen, Harri; Christophe Helmke (2005). Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs: 10th European Maya Conference Workshop Handbook (pdf). Leiden: Wayeb and Leiden University
A date inscription in the Maya Long Count on the east side of Stela C from Quirigua showing the date for the last Creation. It is read as 13.0.0.0.0 4 Ahau 8 Kumku and is usually correlated as 11 or 13 August, 3114 BC on the Proleptic Gregorian calendar.
Tonalpōhualli calendar representation. The term for the Aztec day signs, tōnalpōhualli, comes from the root word Tona which means to give light or heat. [2] Tōnalpōhualli refers to the count of the days, made up of 20 day signs and a 260 day cycle.
Modern Maya plant their corn at the end of April or early in May. In the August 13 zenith transit the Maya initiate its current era in this day', approximating the harvest of the dried corn. For modern Guatemalan highlanders, the 260 days are employed in training the Aj Kʼij, or 'calendar diviner'. Nine months after commencing training in ...