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This can include various methods of surgical remodeling of the cornea (keratomileusis), lens implantation or lens replacement. The most common methods today use excimer lasers to reshape the curvature of the cornea. Refractive eye surgeries are used to treat common vision disorders such as myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia and astigmatism.
The Tibetan eye chart is a tool allegedly developed by Tibetan monks. [ 1 ] [ unreliable source? ] [ 2 ] [ unreliable source? ] [ 3 ] [ unreliable source? ] According to some authors, it can be used to train the muscles and nerves of the optical system, correcting visual problems.
Low myopia usually describes myopia between −0.50 and −3.00 diopters. [65] Moderate myopia usually describes myopia between −3.00 and −6.00 diopters. [65] Those with moderate amounts of myopia are more likely to have pigment dispersion syndrome or pigmentary glaucoma. [84] High myopia usually describes myopia of −6.00 or more.
Radial keratotomy (RK) is a refractive surgical procedure to correct myopia (nearsightedness). It was developed in 1974 by Svyatoslav Fyodorov, a Russian ophthalmologist. It has been largely supplanted by newer, more accurate operations, such as photorefractive keratectomy, LASIK, Epi-LASIK and the phakic intraocular lens. [1]
The most common use is to treat refractive errors: myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. Glasses or "spectacles" are worn on the face a short distance in front of the eye. Contact lenses are worn directly on the surface of the eye.
If the natural lens is left in the eye, the IOL is known as phakic, otherwise it is a pseudophakic lens (or false lens). Both kinds of IOLs are designed to provide the same light-focusing function as the natural crystalline lens. [1] This can be an alternative to LASIK, but LASIK is not an alternative to an IOL for treatment of cataracts.
The procedure can be used to treat astigmatism, nearsightedness, and farsightedness. [3] During the procedure, the epithelium is displaced using a diluted alcohol solution. [4] PRK has advantages over LASIK in that it avoids added complications associated with the flap created during surgery.
Vision therapy (VT), or behavioral optometry, is an umbrella term for alternative medicine treatments using eye exercises, based around the pseudoscientific claim that vision problems are the true underlying cause of learning difficulties, particularly in children. [1]