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This is a "genealogy" of programming languages.Languages are categorized under the ancestor language with the strongest influence. Those ancestor languages are listed in alphabetic order.
A manual console served as the input/output control unit of the computer. The software of TIFRAC were written in a series of commands of 0s and 1s (machine code). A British-built HEC 2M computer, happened to be the first digital computer in India, which was imported and installed in Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, during
The second-generation computer architectures initially varied; they included character-based decimal computers, sign-magnitude decimal computers with a 10-digit word, sign-magnitude binary computers, and ones' complement binary computers, although Philco, RCA, and Honeywell, for example, had some computers that were character-based binary ...
Name Chief developer, company Predecessor(s) 1980 LaTeX: Leslie Lamport: 1980 Ada 80 (MIL-STD-1815) Jean Ichbiah at CII Honeywell Bull: ALGOL 68, Green 1980 C with classes: Bjarne Stroustrup [7] C, Simula 67 1980 Applesoft III: Apple Computer: Applesoft II BASIC 1980 Apple III Microsoft BASIC: Microsoft Microsoft BASIC 1980–81 CBASIC: Gordon ...
Fourth generation computers(1971–present): It uses Microprocessors, as millions of ICs were built onto a single silicon-based chip. Since then form factor of computers reduced, task processing & graphic rendering improved and it became more battery-powered with the advent of personal mobile devices such as laptops, tablets, smartphones etc.
This includes features like improved support for aggregate data types and expressing concepts in a way that favors the programmer, not the computer. A third-generation language improves over a second-generation language by having the computer take care of non-essential details. 3GLs are more abstract than previous generations of languages, and ...
In 2006 servers consumed 1.5% of the total energy budget of the U.S. [188] The energy consumption of computer data centers was expected to double to 3% of world consumption by 2011. The SoC (system on a chip) has compressed even more of the integrated circuitry into a single chip; SoCs are enabling phones and PCs to converge into single hand ...
AIX 1: Computer networks: ARPANET splits off MILNET: Novell NetWare Research In Motion founded: NSFNET connects 5 Supercomputers: Computer graphics: ATI founded: Intel 82786 coprocessor Word processors: Word 1 for DOS: Word 1 for Mac: WordPerfect 4.2 for DOS: Spreadsheet: Excel for Mac: CAD/CAM: Autodesk releases AutoCAD 1.2,1.3,1.4: AutoCAD 2 ...