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Aortic regurgitation (AR), also known as aortic insufficiency (AI), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle. As a consequence, the cardiac muscle is forced to work harder than normal.
The most serious complications involve the heart and aorta, with an increased risk of mitral valve prolapse and aortic aneurysm. [ 1 ] [ 8 ] The lungs, eyes, bones, and the covering of the spinal cord are also commonly affected. [ 1 ]
As of 2014 rheumatic heart disease mostly occurs in the developing world. [1] Risk factors are similar to those of coronary artery disease and include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and being male. [1] The aortic valve usually has three leaflets and is located between the left ventricle of the heart, and the aorta. [1]
Dr. Davis emphasizes that valve damage is not only caused by poor dietary habits, explaining, “Diet is often talked about in connection to heart disease, but valve damage has different causes.
A murmur is an extra heart sound that can be heard by a stethoscope. Sometimes, a murmur sounds like a humming sound, which can be faint or loud. It might be temporary or persistent.
Mitral valve replacement is a procedure whereby the diseased mitral valve of a patient's heart is replaced by either a mechanical or tissue (bioprosthetic) valve. The mitral valve may need to be replaced because: [1] The valve is leaky (mitral valve regurgitation) The valve is narrowed and doesn't open properly (mitral valve stenosis)
Valve surgery: If an enlarged heart is caused by a problem with a heart valve, surgery can remove the valve and replace it with either an artificial valve or a tissue valve from a pig, cow or deceased human donor. If blood leaks backward through a valve (valve regurgitation), the leaky valve may be surgically repaired or replaced.
Involvement of other heart valves without damage to the mitral is exceedingly rare. [23] Mitral stenosis is almost always caused by rheumatic heart disease. [16] Less than 10% of aortic stenosis is caused by rheumatic heart disease. [15] [16] Rheumatic fever can also cause chronic mitral and aortic regurgitation. [16]
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