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T er, the non-decision reaction time component, consists of the sum of encoding time T e (first panel) and response output time T r (third panel), such that T er = T e + T r. Although a unified theory of reaction time and intelligence has yet to achieve consensus among psychologists, diffusion modeling provides one promising theoretical model.
In psychology, reactance is an unpleasant motivational reaction to offers, persons, rules, regulations, criticisms, advice, recommendations, information, nudges, and messages that are perceived to threaten or eliminate specific behavioral freedoms. Reactance occurs when an individual feels that an agent is attempting to limit one's choice of ...
In behavioral psychology, reinforcement refers to consequences that increase the likelihood of an organism's future behavior, typically in the presence of a particular antecedent stimulus. [1] For example, a rat can be trained to push a lever to receive food whenever a light is turned on; in this example, the light is the antecedent stimulus ...
Antecedent stimuli (paired with reinforcing consequences) activate centers of the brain involved in motivation, [4] while antecedent stimuli that have been paired with punishing consequences activate brain centers involved in fear. [5] Antecedents play a different role while attempting to trigger positive and negative outcomes. [6]
In the first definitive book on defence mechanisms, The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence (1936), [7] Anna Freud enumerated the ten defence mechanisms that appear in the works of her father, Sigmund Freud: repression, regression, reaction formation, isolation, undoing, projection, introjection, turning against one's own person, reversal into the opposite, and sublimation or displacement.
Irritability is the excitatory ability that living organisms have to respond to changes in their environment. [1] The term is used for both the physiological reaction to stimuli and for the pathological, abnormal or excessive sensitivity to stimuli.
“It was terrifying to have my brother scream and shout at me, and my father say things that just simply weren’t true, and my grandmother quietly sit there, and sort of take it all in,” Harry ...
Emotional dysregulation is characterized by an inability to flexibly respond to and manage emotional states, resulting in intense and prolonged emotional reactions that deviate from social norms, given the nature of the environmental stimuli encountered. Such reactions not only deviate from accepted social norms but also surpass what is ...