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Written vernacular Chinese (白话; 白話; báihuà), refers to written Chinese that is based on the vernacular language used during the period between imperial China and the early 20th century. [8] The use of particles in vernacular Chinese differs from that of Classical Chinese, as can be seen in the following examples.
Exclamative particles are used as a method of recording aspects of human speech which may not be based entirely on meaning and definition. Specific characters are used to record exclamations, as with any other form of Chinese vocabulary, some characters exclusively representing the expression (such as 哼), others sharing characters with alternate words and meanings (such as 可).
Term Hanzi Pinyin Meaning Examples Comments cheng 城: chéng: city [30]: Fangchenggang, Xuancheng: jing 京: jīng: capital city [31]: Beijing, Nanjing: kou 口 ...
All of the sentence-final particles of Standard Chinese are unstressed and, unlike most syllables in the language, do not carry tone. [5] le (了): Expressing a completed action (could be in the past, present, or future, depending on time markers), or a change in state.
Many Chinese take great delight in using the large amount of homophones in the language to form puns, and they have become an important component of Chinese culture. [3] In Chinese, homophones are used for a variety of purposes from rhetoric and poetry to advertisement and humor, and are also common in Chinese loans , for example phono-semantic ...
'Irony' comes from the Greek eironeia (εἰρωνεία) and dates back to the 5th century BCE.This term itself was coined in reference to a stock-character from Old Comedy (such as that of Aristophanes) known as the eiron, who dissimulates and affects less intelligence than he has—and so ultimately triumphs over his opposite, the alazon, a vain-glorious braggart.
In rhetoric, litotes (/ l aɪ ˈ t oʊ t iː z, ˈ l aɪ t ə t iː z /, US: / ˈ l ɪ t ə t iː z /), [1] also known classically as antenantiosis or moderatour, is a figure of speech and form of irony in which understatement is used to emphasize a point by stating a negative to further affirm a positive, often incorporating double negatives for effect.
In the tables, the first two columns contain the Chinese characters representing the classifier, in traditional and simplified versions when they differ. The next four columns give pronunciations in Standard (Mandarin) Chinese, using pinyin; Cantonese, in Jyutping and Yale, respectively; and Minnan (Taiwan). The last column gives the classifier ...