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White matter is the tissue through which messages pass between different areas of grey matter within the central nervous system. The white matter is white because of the fatty substance (myelin) that surrounds the nerve fibers (axons). This myelin is found in almost all long nerve fibers, and acts as an electrical insulation.
Grey matter in the spinal cord is known as the grey column which travels down the spinal cord distributed in three grey columns that are presented in an "H" shape. The forward-facing column is the anterior grey column , the rear-facing one is the posterior grey column and the interlinking one is the lateral grey column .
As a result, the brain adapts to the challenge of reading. The process of reading involves most of the brain, especially an interconnection between visual areas and language areas; but also neural systems related to action, emotion, decision-making, and memory. [2] [3] The science of reading (SOR) is the discipline that studies reading. [4]
Many of the short association fibers (also called arcuate or "U"-fibers) lie in the superficial white matter immediately beneath the gray matter of the cerebral cortex, and connect together adjacent gyri. [2] Some pass from one wall of the sulcus to the other. [3]
[2] While it is extremely unlikely that any two synesthetes will report the same colors for all letters and numbers, studies of large numbers of synesthetes find that there are some commonalities across letters (e.g., "A" is likely to be red). [3] [4] Early studies argued that grapheme–color synesthesia was not due to associative learning. [5]
The anterior and posterior grey columns present as projections of grey matter and are also known as the horns of the spinal cord. The white matter is located outside of the grey matter and consists almost totally of myelinated motor and sensory axons. Columns of white matter known as funiculi carry information either up or down the spinal cord.
At the level of gross anatomy, the cerebellum consists of a tightly folded layer of cortex, with white matter underneath and a fluid-filled ventricle at the base. Four deep cerebellar nuclei are embedded in the white matter. [9] Each part of the cortex consists of the same small set of neuronal elements, laid out in a highly stereotyped geometry.
"Gray Matter" was first published in the October 1973 issue of Cavalier magazine. [1] In 1978, it was collected in King's first book of short stories, Night Shift (King had wanted to cut the story in favor of his 1972 story "Suffer the Little Children", but deferred to editor Bill Thompson who chose to keep "Gray Matter" in the collection). [2]