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In Marxian economics and preceding theories, [1] the problem of primitive accumulation (also called previous accumulation, prior accumulation, or original accumulation) of capital concerns the origin of capital and therefore how class distinctions between possessors and non-possessors came to be.
Marx, Karl, Capital I, especially Part VI: "The so-called primitive accumulation", 1867. Several editions. This page was last edited on 22 August 2018, at ...
This is the special focus of the final part, which argues that capitalism initially develops not through the future capitalist class being more frugal and hard-working than the future working class (a process called primitive/previous/original accumulation by the pro-capitalist classical political economists, like Adam Smith), but through the ...
Early capitalism (primitive accumulation) / colonialism / imperialism (Hobson, Lenin, Bukharin) Extensive stage / intensive stage / late capitalism ( Aglietta ) The Marxist periodization of capitalism into the stages: [ 1 ] agricultural capitalism, merchant capitalism , industrial capitalism and state capitalism .
In Das Kapital (1867), Marx proposes that the motivating force of capitalism is in the exploitation of labor, whose unpaid work is the ultimate source of surplus value.The owner of the means of production is able to claim the right to this surplus value because they are legally protected by the ruling regime through property rights and the legally established distribution of shares which are ...
"The so-called primitive accumulation, therefore, is nothing else than the historical process of divorcing the producer from the means of production. It appears as primitive, because it forms the pre-historic stage of capital and of the mode of production corresponding with it."
The So-called Primitive Accumulation. Chapters XXVI. -XXXIII., and the forewords by Marx to the first (London, 25 July 1867) and second (London, 24, 1873) German editions.
Marx refers to this process as the primitive accumulation of capital, a process which continues particularly in developing countries to this day. Typically, previously independent producers on the land (but also serfs ) are proletarianised and migrate to the urban centres, in search of work from an employer.