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Phrase used in legal language to indicate the most probable outcome from an act, fact, event or cause idem (id.) the same: Used to refer to something that has already been cited; ditto. See also ibidem. idem quod (i.q.) the same as: Not to be confused with an intelligence quotient. Idus Martiae: the Ides of March
It is used to avoid repeating the name of a male author (in citations, footnotes, bibliographies, etc.) When quoting a female author, use the corresponding feminine form, ead. , "the same" (woman). i.a. inter alia "among other things" Example: "Ernest Hemingway—author (i.a. 'The Sun Also Rises') and friend." i.e. id est
The ditto mark is a shorthand sign, used mostly in hand-written text, indicating that the words or figures above it are to be repeated. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The mark is made using "a pair of apostrophes "; [ 1 ] "a pair of marks " used underneath a word"; [ 3 ] the symbol " ( quotation mark ); [ 2 ] [ 4 ] or the symbol ” (right double quotation mark).
Trinxet Dictionary of Legal Abbreviations and Acronyms Series. A Law Reference Collection, 2011, ISBN 1624680003 and ISBN 978-1-62468-000-7; Trinxet, Salvador. Trinxet Reverse Dictionary of Legal Abbreviations and Acronyms, 2011, ISBN 1624680011 and ISBN 978-1-62468-001-4. Raistrick, Donald.
Taking this one stage further, the clue word can hint at the word or words to be abbreviated rather than giving the word itself. For example: "About" for C or CA (for "circa"), or RE. "Say" for EG, used to mean "for example". More obscure clue words of this variety include: "Model" for T, referring to the Model T.
The ditto mark is a sign indicating that the words or figures above it are to be repeated. "Ampersand" is single glyph, though it has many allographs. "Ditto" is the reverse: other than the CJK mark, it does not have a unique glyph – a variety of different glyphs (and combinations thereof) are used to represent it.
The abbreviation is used in an endnote or footnote to refer the reader to a cited work, standing in for repetition of the full title of the work. [1] Op. cit. thus refers the reader to the bibliography, where the full citation of the work can be found, or to a full citation given in a previous footnote.
The point in a legal proceeding, or the legal precedent so involved, which led to the final decision being what it was. ratio scripta: written reason The popular opinion of Roman law, held by those in the Medieval period. rationae soli: by reason of the soil "Certain rights may arise by virtue of ownership of the soil upon which wild animals ...