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Kublai Khan also reinforced Hulagu with 30,000 young Mongols in order to stabilize the political crises in western khanates. [10] As soon as Hulagu died on 8 February 1265, Berke marched to cross near Tiflis, but he died on the way. Within a few months of these deaths, Alghu Khan of the Chagatai Khanate died too. Nevertheless, this sudden ...
Berke Khan (died 1266/1267; also Birkai; Turki/Kypchak: برکه خان, Mongolian: Бэрх хан, Tatar: Бәркә хан) was a grandson of Genghis Khan from his son Jochi and a Mongol military commander and ruler of the Golden Horde, a division of the Mongol Empire, [note 1] who effectively consolidated the power of the Blue Horde and White Horde [note 2] from 1257 to 1266.
Hulegu Khan, also known as Hülegü or Hulagu [n 1] (c. 1217 – 8 February 1265), was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Western Asia. Son of Tolui and the Keraite princess Sorghaghtani Beki , he was a grandson of Genghis Khan and brother of Ariq Böke , Möngke Khan , and Kublai Khan .
Berke sought to take advantage and invade Hulagu's realm, but he died along the way, and a few months later, Alghu Khan of the Chagatai Khanate died as well. Kublai named Hulagu's son Abaqa as a new ilkhan, and Abaqa sought foreign alliances, such as attempting to form a Franco-Mongol alliance with the Europeans against the Egyptian Mamluks.
In 1262, Berke began a war with the Il-Khan Hulagu Khan. This led to several battles on the west side of the Caspian which the Horde usually lost. The interruption of trade and conflict with Persia led the Horde to build trading towns along the northern route. They also allied with the Mamluks of Egypt who were the Il-Khan's enemies.
Hulagu, with the backing of his brother the Great Khan Kublai, invaded and captured these territories in 1256, even installing his capital in the center of the disputed territories, at Maragha. Berke , the leader of the Golden Horde , could not tolerate this infringement of his inheritance, [ 14 ] and a drawn-out conflict between the two Mongol ...
Hulagu of the Ilkhanate was the sole ally of Kublai Khan. [10] Berke supported Ariq Böke because he was resentful of Hulagu, who had close ties with Kublai. [7] However, Hulagu and Berke became occupied with their own war and could not intervene in the Toluid Civil War. [14]
Berke–Hulagu war: Berke of the Golden Horde allies with the Mamluks and invades Azerbaijan [12] Suzdal rebels and is defeated [13] 1263: 13 January: Berke–Hulagu war: Berke defeats Hulagu Khan's army on the Terek River [14] 1264: Mongol invasion of Byzantine Thrace: Berke attacks Thrace and secures the release of Kayqubad II [15] 1265