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Shone's syndrome is a rare congenital heart defect described by Shone in 1963. In the complete form, four left-sided defects are present: [1] Supravalvular mitral membrane (SVMM) Parachute mitral valve; Subaortic stenosis (membranous or muscular) Coarctation of the aorta
There is a complex sequence of events that result in a well formed heart at birth and disruption of any portion may result in a defect. [32] The orderly timing of cell growth, cell migration, and programmed cell death (" apoptosis ") has been studied extensively and the genes that control the process are being elucidated. [ 27 ]
A conformal anomaly, scale anomaly, trace anomaly or Weyl anomaly is an anomaly, i.e. a quantum phenomenon that breaks the conformal symmetry of the classical theory.. In quantum field theory when we set to zero we have only Feynman tree diagrams, which is a "classical" theory (equivalent to the Fredholm formulation of a classical field theory).
In string theory, modular invariance is an additional requirement for one-loop diagrams. This helps in getting rid of some global anomalies such as the gravitational anomalies . Equivalently, in two-dimensional conformal field theory the torus partition function must be invariant under the modular group SL(2,Z) .
Many titles on advanced topics are also available, such as complex variables and topology, but these may be harder to find in retail stores. Schaum's Outlines are frequently seen alongside the Barron's "Easy Way" series and McGraw-Hill's own "Demystified" series. The "Demystified" series is introductory in nature, for middle and high school ...
Integer values of the level also play an important role in the representation theory of the model's symmetry algebra, which is an affine Lie algebra. If the level is a positive integer, the affine Lie algebra has unitary highest weight representations with highest weights that are dominant integral.
BRST quantization is a differential geometric approach to performing consistent, anomaly-free perturbative calculations in a non-abelian gauge theory. The analytical form of the BRST "transformation" and its relevance to renormalization and anomaly cancellation were described by Carlo Maria Becchi, Alain Rouet, and Raymond Stora in a series of papers culminating in the 1976 "Renormalization of ...
A special case of this problem is known as the “counting anomaly”. [ 32 ] [ 33 ] Supporters of collapse theories mostly dismiss this criticism as a misunderstanding of the theory, [ 34 ] [ 35 ] as in the context of dynamical collapse theories, the absolute square of the wave function is interpreted as an actual matter density.