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The normal range of GFR, adjusted for body surface area, is 100–130 average 125 (mL/min)/(1.73 m 2) in men and 90–120 (mL/min)/(1.73 m 2) in women younger than the age of 40. In children, GFR measured by inulin clearance is 110 (mL/min)/(1.73 m 2) until 2 years of age in both sexes, and then it progressively decreases. After age 40, GFR ...
Outside the United States, blood tests made up of the majority of the same biochemical tests are called urea and electrolytes (U&E or "U and Es"), or urea, electrolytes, creatinine (UEC or EUC or CUE), and are often referred to as 'kidney function tests' as they also include a calculated estimated glomerular filtration rate. The BMP provides ...
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) - Also measured using a BMP or CMP, blood urea nitrogen is an indicator of how much nitrogen is in the blood at the time of the phlebotomy. The kidney is responsible for excreting nitrogenous substances in the urine, so an elevated BUN usually indicates that the kidney is not functioning appropriately.
A small amount of the specimen is then removed for testing. Timed collections are commonly used to measure creatinine, urea, urine protein, hormones and electrolytes. [1] [10] If urine is needed for microbiological culture, it is important that the sample is not contaminated. In this case, the proper collection procedure involves cleaning the ...
The cause of DDS is currently not well understood. There are two theories to explain it; the first theory postulates that urea transport from the brain cells is slowed in chronic kidney disease, leading to a large urea concentration gradient, which results in reverse osmosis.
[2] Measurements of urea and creatinine (Cr) in the blood are used to assess renal function. For historical reasons, the lab test measuring urea is known as "blood urea nitrogen" (BUN) in the US. The BUN:Cr ratio is a useful measure in determining the type of azotemia and will be discussed in each section below.
Clinical chemistry (also known as chemical pathology, clinical biochemistry or medical biochemistry) is a division in medical laboratory sciences focusing on qualitative tests of important compounds, referred to as analytes or markers, in bodily fluids and tissues using analytical techniques and specialized instruments. [1]
The filtrate contains waste products (e.g. urea), electrolytes (e.g. sodium, potassium, chloride), amino acids, and glucose. The filtrate passes into the renal tubules of the kidney. In the first part of the renal tubule, the proximal tubule , glucose is reabsorbed from the filtrate, across the tubular epithelium and into the bloodstream.