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Cocaine dependence is a neurological disorder that is characterized by withdrawal symptoms upon cessation from cocaine use. [1] It also often coincides with cocaine addiction which is a biopsychosocial disorder characterized by persistent use of cocaine and/or crack despite substantial harm and adverse consequences.
Addictive behavior observed from long-term cocaine users can be due to changes in the gene expression profiles in the brain's reward circuitry. Most research has been focused on the active regions of the reward-related genes, but Maze et al. [3] focuses at what happens to the heterochromatic regions.
Exposure to drugs of abuse elicits LTP at excitatory synapses on VTA dopamine neurons. [6] Excitatory synapses in brain slices from the VTA taken 24 hours after a single cocaine exposure showed an increase in AMPA receptors in comparison to a saline control. [32] Additional LTP could not be induced in these synapses.
Cocaine increases alertness, feelings of well-being, euphoria, energy, sociability, and sexuality. The former are some of the desired effects of cocaine intoxication. Not having the normal use of mental faculties by reason of the introduction of cocaine is defined drug intoxication by the laws in America, Europe, and most of the rest of the World, and it is a serious crime in specific contexts ...
The reasons believed to cause the increased risk of suicide include the long-term abuse of alcohol and other drugs causing physiological distortion of brain chemistry as well as the social isolation. [25] Another factor is the acute intoxicating effects of the drugs may make suicide more likely to occur.
It can also have more dangerous side effects like heart failure and long-term memory, attention and judgment problems, according to the National Institute of Drug Abuse. Long-term use of inhalants ...
Animal studies in various species have found that cocaine impacts brain structure, function, and chemistry, and causes long-term changes at the molecular, cellular, and behavioral levels. [1] Animal Model Studies have shown that cocaine has the ability to cross the placenta and the blood brain barrier in the body.
These studies have shown in particular, how the inebriated or intoxicated individual makes poorer associations between words and objects than does the sober individual. Later blackout-specific studies have indicated that alcohol specifically impairs the brain's ability to take short-term memories and experiences and transfer them to long-term ...