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In colloid science, a micellar solution consists of a dispersion of micelles (small particles) in a solvent (most usually water). Micelles are made of chemicals that are attracted to both water and oily solvents, known as amphiphiles. In a micellar solution, some amphiphiles are clumped together and some are dispersed.
An amphiphilic behavior can be observed for water and an organic solvent or between two organic solvents. Note 2: Polymeric micelles have a much lower critical micellar concentration (CMC) than soap (0.0001 to 0.001 mol/L) or surfactant micelles, but are nevertheless at equilibrium with isolated macromolecules called unimers.
For bottled water, Riese explains that most American water brands will have an expiration date that is one to two years away. But that’s more for the container, particularly those made of ...
The driving mechanism for micellization is the transfer of hydrocarbon chains from water into the oil-like interior. This entropic effect is called the hydrophobic effect. Compared to the increase of entropy of the surrounding water molecules, this hydrophobic interaction is relatively small. The water molecules are highly ordered around the ...
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Below the CMC point, interfacial tension between oil and water phase is no longer effectively reduced. [10] If the concentration of the surfactant is kept a little above the CMC, the additional amount covers the dissolution with existing brine in the reservoir. It is desired that the surfactant will work at the lowest interfacial tension (IFT).
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