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The American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) [a] was a formation of the United States Armed Forces on the Western Front during World War I, composed mostly of units from the U.S. Army. The AEF was established on July 5, 1917, in Chaumont , France under the command of then-Major General John J. Pershing .
The American Expeditionary Forces marching in France. V Corps was organized over the period 7–12 July 1918 in France as a Regular Army formation within the American Expeditionary Forces. By the end of World War I, the corps had fought in three named campaigns: the Battle of Saint-Mihiel, the Meuse–Argonne Offensive, and the Lorraine Campaign.
The Organization of the Air Service of the American Expeditionary Force on 11 November 1918, represents its maximum strength in World War I. Units of the Air Service are listed as assigned to the order of battle for that date, which was that of the Armistice with Germany .
Three American engineer regiments–the 11th, 12th, and 14th–were engaged in construction activity behind the British lines at Cambrai in November, when they were unexpectedly called upon to go into the front lines during an emergency. They thus became the first AEF units to meet the enemy.
In 1917, upon the American entry into World War I, the first major U.S. aviation combat force was created when an Air Service was formed as part of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF). Major General Mason Patrick commanded the Air Service of the AEF; his deputy was Brigadier General Billy Mitchell.
American losses were worsened by the inexperience of many of the troops, the tactics used during the early phases of the operation, and the widespread onset of the global influenza outbreak called the "Spanish flu." The offensive was the principal engagement of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) in World War I.
The Services of Supply (SOS) of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) was established under the designation "Line of Communications," on July 5, 1917. [1]: 11–13 The Line of Communications was judged by senior officers, including Colonel Johnson Hagood, who was in charge of the advance section, to be incompetent. [2]
American Expeditionary Forces on the Western Front (World War I) order of battle; American order of battle Meuse–Argonne offensive; Battle of Amiens order of battle; Army of Alsace (1914) Australian occupation of German New Guinea order of battle