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In the field of enzymology, a betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase also known as betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) is a zinc metallo-enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from trimethylglycine and a hydrogen ion from homocysteine to produce dimethylglycine and methionine respectively: [2]
The Betaine/Carnitine/Choline Transporter (BCCT) family proteins are found in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and archaea. The BCCT family members a large group of secondary transporters, the APC superfamily. Their common functional feature is that they all transport molecules with a quaternary ammonium group [R-N (CH 3) 3].
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In humans it is encoded by the MTR gene (5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase). [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Methionine synthase forms part of the S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) biosynthesis and regeneration cycle, [ 7 ] and is the enzyme responsible for linking the cycle to one-carbon metabolism via the folate cycle.
Remethylation of cytosine to give 5-methylcytosine.. Remethylation also has a role in epigenetics and neuroplasticity. DNA methylation patterns are largely erased and then re-established (remethylated) between generations in mammals.
Betaine—homocysteine S-methyltransferase From an initialism : This is a redirect from an initialism to a related topic, such as the expansion of the initialism. Use {{ R from acronym }} instead for abbreviations that are pronounced as words, such as NATO and RADAR.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + DNA adenine S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + DNA 6-methylaminopurine m6A was primarily found in prokaryotes until 2015 when it was also identified in some eukaryotes. m6A methyltransferases methylate the amino group in DNA at C-6 position specifically to prevent the host system to digest own genome through restriction enzymes.
Relevant enzymes include aspartokinase, aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, homoserine dehydrogenase, homoserine O-transsuccinylase, cystathionine-γ-synthase, Cystathionine-β-lyase (in mammals, this step is performed by homocysteine methyltransferase or betaine—homocysteine S-methyltransferase.)