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  2. History of coronavirus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_coronavirus

    The history of coronaviruses is an account of the discovery of the diseases caused by coronaviruses and the diseases they cause. It starts with the first report of a new type of upper-respiratory tract disease among chickens in North Dakota, U.S., in 1931.

  3. CRISPR - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR

    The spacer regions of CRISPR-Cas systems are taken directly from foreign mobile genetic elements and thus their long-term evolution is hard to trace. [157] The non-random evolution of these spacer regions has been found to be highly dependent on the environment and the particular foreign mobile genetic elements it contains. [158]

  4. Coronavirus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus

    The name "coronavirus" is derived from Latin corona, meaning "crown" or "wreath", itself a borrowing from Greek κορώνη korṓnē, "garland, wreath". [8] [9] The name was coined by June Almeida and David Tyrrell who first observed and studied human coronaviruses. [10]

  5. Origin of SARS-CoV-2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_SARS-CoV-2

    The FBI concluded with "moderate confidence" that COVID-19 may have been created in a laboratory, based in part on genomic analysis conducted by scientists at the National Center for Medical Intelligence. [98] On 20 March 2023, the COVID-19 Origin Act of 2023 was signed into law. On June 23, 2023, the Biden administration released its report ...

  6. Cas12a - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cas12a

    The CRISPR-Cas12a system consist of a Cas12a enzyme and a guide RNA that finds and positions the complex at the correct spot on the double helix to cleave target DNA. CRISPR-Cas12a systems activity has three stages: [3] Adaptation: Cas1 and Cas2 proteins facilitate the adaptation of small fragments of DNA into the CRISPR array.

  7. SARS-CoV-2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-2

    SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh known coronavirus to infect people, after 229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1, MERS-CoV, and the original SARS-CoV. [105] Like the SARS-related coronavirus implicated in the 2003 SARS outbreak, SARS‑CoV‑2 is a member of the subgenus Sarbecovirus (beta-CoV lineage B). [106] [107] Coronaviruses undergo frequent recombination. [108]

  8. SARS-CoV-1 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARS-CoV-1

    Scanning electron micrograph of SARS virions. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is the disease caused by SARS-CoV-1. It causes an often severe illness and is marked initially by systemic symptoms of muscle pain, headache, and fever, followed in 2–14 days by the onset of respiratory symptoms, [13] mainly cough, dyspnea, and pneumonia.

  9. Zoonotic origins of COVID-19 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoonotic_origins_of_COVID-19

    SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, was first introduced to humans through zoonosis (transmission of a pathogen to a human from an animal), and a zoonotic spillover event is the origin of SARS-CoV-2 that is considered most plausible by the scientific community.