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The long diphthongs, also known as 'double vowels', are phonemically sequences of a free vowel and a non-syllabic equivalent of /i/ or /u/: /iu, ui, oːi, eu, ɑːi/. Although both /iu/ and /eu/ are typically pronounced as [iu], they are spelled differently; the former as ieu , and the latter as eeu . [44]
This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Afrikaans on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Afrikaans in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
The phonemic mid vowels are a mess, e.g. what is transcribed /ɛː eː/ in usual phonemic transcription is [eː iə] in actual pronunciation (though unstressed /eː/ is closer to a short [ɪ], AFAICS (see Lass (1987)) - another complication).
For example, vowels in Hausa Ajami script, including representation of vowel [e], and differentiation of short versus long vowels, were one of the first aspects to be unified and standardized. Consonants on the other hand, especially consonant letters for representing sounds that don't exist in Arabic, took longer to become standardized.
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Vowel raising is an uncommon form of vowel harmony where a non-open vowel (i.e. any vowel other than /ɑ/) is raised in position by a following vowel (in the same phonological word) at a higher position. The first variety — in which the open-mid vowels become close-mid — is commonly found in most Southern African Bantu languages (where the ...
The Africa Alphabet (also International African Alphabet or IAI alphabet) is a set of letters designed as the basis for Latin alphabets for the languages of Africa.It was initially developed in 1928 by the International Institute of African Languages and Cultures from a combination of the English alphabet and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).